encyclopedia

A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis).

Nephrotomy describes a surgical procedure in which an incision in the kidney is made.

Lymph node biopsy is a test in which a lymph node or a piece of a lymph node is removed for examination under a microscope (see: biopsy).

Lymphadenectomy or lymph node dissection is the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes.

Mammaplasty (also called mammoplasty or mastoplasty) refers to a group of surgical procedures, the goal of which is to reshape or otherwise modify the appearance of the breast.