encyclopedia

A pericardial window is a cardiac surgical procedure to create a fistula – or “window” – from the pericardial space to the pleural cavity.

Phalloplasty is the construction or reconstruction of a penis, or the artificial modification of the penis by surgery.

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (or laser epithelial keratomileusis) (LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a person’s vision, reducing dependency on glasses or contact lenses.

Chin augmentation using surgical implants can alter the underlying structure of the face, providing better balance to the facial features.

In medicine, a muscle biopsy is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically.