Arthroplasty (literally “[re-]forming of joint”) is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure.

An arthrotomy is the creation of an opening in a joint that may be used in drainage.

Synovectomy is a procedure recommended to provide relief from a condition in which the synovial membrane or the joint lining becomes inflamed and irritated.

Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.

A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal.